The Signal protocol, primarily known for its double ratchet algorithm, is used for end-to-end encryption of messages by the following chat applications and protocols. Many users are unaware that they are already benefiting from the security offered by the Signal protocol.

Chat Applications:

Signal app

WhatsApp

Skype: only available in the "Private Conversation"

Facebook Messenger: only available in the "Secret Conversations”

Simplex chat

Keychat

Chat Protocols:

XMPP

OMEMO is an XMPP Extension Protocol (XEP) for secure multi-client end-to-end encryption. It is an open standard based on a Double Ratchet and PEP, which can be freely used and implemented by anyone.

https://conversations.im/omemo/

Matrix

Olm (libolm) is an independent Apache-licensed implementation of the Double Ratchet cryptographic ratchet in C & C++, which also includes the new Megolm group ratchet as used in Matrix.

https://github.com/matrix-org/olm nostr:note1ffgsgvkltl96wzwe6lakv2ntjfkq2u48msx57mrvnnhtyde5s2js8antlr

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Discussion

I'd add a caveat on some of those that, by being closed source we can't know for sure if they actually use the signal protocol

on WhatsApp E2EE:

Reported messages: If a message is reported to WhatsApp, the company can access the content of that specific message and a few messages around it for moderation purposes.

"A few messages around it" ???

This app should not be able to claim E2EE if they have access to a key.

"Yes, your house has deadbolts, but the government has a key, you know, for your safety."