Science insights:
1- Positivist theory:
There is a real material universe standing outside of us. Everything in this material universe is governed by the laws of nature. If there is a truth in nature, it has a quantity and we can measure that quantity. Science tries to find the laws of nature by measuring these facts.
2- Post-positivist theory:
Reality is socially constituted. Accordingly, the task of the scientist is not to analyze the outside world, but to interpret and analyze the meanings that people ascribe to their own experiences.
3- Critical theory:
The scientist's task is not to understand and describe, but to question and change. The legitimacy of power, equality, oppression, the right to speak, ideology, power, participation, representation, participation and interests are among the concepts that critical theory considers important.