Check out The Book of Satoshi by Phil Champagne. It goes through various Satoshi writings in detail as well as a good explanation from a mathematical standpoint.

But get the paperback not audible. As you read and reread to learn it, you'll want to be able to quickly flip between pages to look back at a formula again or whatever else.

I somewhat understand the probability because I read the mathmatics of poker.

Hashcash.org helped me understand how how bitcoin mining works because I could hash some of the examples in duck duck go.