unicial is the proper name for lower case

the irish used to use a form of latinic unicial and i'm pretty sure it came from eastern europe originally... lower case was the innovation, upper case was the more ancient format

the elvish script in LOTR is a form of unicial also

no upper case, this is something maybe actually older, rather than newer

it really depends on where you look in the history which was first but i'm pretty sure the first writing was charcoal not carving of any kind

carving favors caps