This kind of exists when judges try people who committed a crime but just say "don't do it again". One prime example is the father who dove to attack Larry Nassar (the olympic gymnast rapist) in court. The judge had him come back to court, but basically didn't charge with anything, since she understands why he would do it.

>There should be a verdict available in trials that is something like “Guilty, but justifiedthat results in no punishment whatsoever.

There is! Jury nullification. "Yeah he's guilty but we're judging the law and its application as dumb and find him innocent" it used to be championed by old-school lefties as a way to beat the tyranny of the state, funny enough. Worth mentioning that it's entirely legal, but illegal to bring up in a courtroom. Darrell Brooks aka "Grounz" even mentioned it during his closing statement.