Even economic sanctions are acts of war. Just ask Japan in 1941.

No clause of the Constitution says anything that can fairly be interpreted as equivalent to "The United States shall not commit any acts of war without pre-approval by Congress."

Article I, Section 8, Clause 11 grants Congress the sole power to “declare War,” but the Constitution does not define “war” or specify if all hostile, aggressive or violent military actions qualify as acts requiring pre-approval by Congress.

Historical precedent shows that Presidents have authorized military strikes without congressional declaration, such as Jefferson’s 1801 Barbary War actions and Reagan’s 1986 Libya strike—among many others.

Massie should put his money where his mouth is, and get Congress to vote against war with Iran, or at least sue the administration based on his interpretation of the Constitution (of course, he wouldn't have standing to sue, unless and until Congress votes no.)

https://x.com/RepThomasMassie/status/1936722005451010479