The cartoon is wrong, a little:
Only about 5% of currency is physically represented. Most of it is electronic, only. Just a ledger statement.
When the bank 'asks' for money from the Fed, following the cartoon's example, they present the Notes that borrower's signed, with an attached indorsement. These have appeared during Discovery in cases. There's an extra stamp:
'Without recourse, by (title) /signed by bank official/
Pay to the order of
BANK OF AMERICA INCORPORATED' (or whatever the bank name is).
The Bank is a conversion facility. They take your pledge to pay (a promissory note) and convert it into FRN's. This is how the bank is double-paid: first by your Note, second by the Mortgage or Loan Agreement.
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