ham can be used for p2p or through relays / repeaters. aprs is typically done through a repeater, or digipeater. this is essentially a gateway to the internet that you can send and rx info from.

data modes like email can also be sent and received p2p. nvk sent a bitcoin TX over hf ham radio across the country from Canada.

I myself am working on a nostr over ham client, using HF frequency data bands to get notes, post to relays and eventually zap.