just reading the wikipedia pages for now. most of this stuff is in advanced mathematics textbooks, and then from there you would be able to get a good text on elliptic curve math to see how it's directly applied.

a key difference is that the field of elliptic curves are finite fields, which are a special category of field (euclidian space, origin 0, no negative numbers), and the operations are "clockwork arithmetic" meaning all overflow beyond the maximum of the field is added to the minimum end, this is part of how they create a one-way operation, by adding deterministic randomness and loss of precision. the other part is the affine transformation from the secret, which is a vector with origin 0.