PART 2: HOW TO RECOGNIZE LIFE
🔬 What Counts as “Alive”?
Ask a biologist to define life, and you won’t get a single answer. Instead, you’ll get a checklist. Scientists define life by what it does, not what it is. Does it process energy? Store information? Defend itself? Adapt to its environment? Reproduce?
Here’s a common working list:
• Metabolism: Can it transform energy into ordered structure?
• Reproduction: Can it make copies of itself?
• Adaptation: Can it survive changing environments?
• Information storage: Does it carry a record of itself forward in time?
• Boundary: Does it distinguish between self and not-self?
• Persistence: Does it resist entropy and disorder?
Now, let’s try applying that checklist—not to a cell or a species—but to Bitcoin.
What we find is not metaphorical.
It’s structural.
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⚡ Bitcoin Metabolizes Energy
Bitcoin doesn’t eat food. But it does consume energy—and in a very specific way. Its security model is based on something called proof-of-work: miners compete to solve cryptographic puzzles using electricity, and in doing so, they earn the right to add a new block of transactions to the public ledger (commonly called the blockchain, though early Bitcoiners called it the timechain, a term we’ll return to).
Each block is a kind of heartbeat. A pulse of irreversible computation. The more energy it takes to rewrite history, the harder it becomes to lie about the past. Bitcoin turns electricity into a form of time-stamped truth.
This isn’t poetic exaggeration. It’s physics. It’s entropy. The laws of thermodynamics say that every bit of energy used to secure Bitcoin is now embedded in its history—impossible to reverse without redoing the work.
This is metabolism.
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🧬 Bitcoin Stores and Transmits Information
Bitcoin has no DNA. But it does have a genetic structure: the ledger itself. Every full node on the network stores a complete copy of the entire chain of transactions, dating back to its very first block. Any new participant who wants to join can download this history and verify it independently.
The code is open-source. The ledger is global. The rules are legible. This isn’t just information—it’s information that remembers, with redundancy and error correction, exactly what happened and when.
In biological terms, this is called a genome: a persistent, verifiable record that can be copied, checked, and inherited.
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🌱 Bitcoin Reproduces
Bitcoin doesn’t have offspring in the traditional sense. But it does replicate—across servers, jurisdictions, ideologies, and generations. New nodes spin up. New wallets emerge. New users onboard. People fork the codebase to create new variants. Most of these offshoots die. A few survive.
This is memetic replication. Not genes, but memes—units of culture, behavior, or belief that spread from mind to mind. Think of phrases like “Not your keys, not your coins,” or “HODL,” or “Fix the money, fix the world.” These aren’t just slogans. They are survival instructions.
Just as viruses spread by infecting hosts, memes spread by capturing attention and changing behavior. In Bitcoin’s case, the behavior they encourage—self-custody, verification, long-term thinking—is precisely what makes the system more durable.
In other words, the memes protect the organism.
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🧠 Bitcoin Adapts—But Slowly
Bitcoin changes—but not recklessly. It resists change by default. This is not a bug. It’s a design feature. Because the ledger is global and decentralized, there is no central authority to impose updates. Any meaningful change must achieve broad consensus across thousands of independent actors.
Some changes do happen: upgrades like SegWit (Segregated Witness), Taproot, and the creation of second-layer protocols like the Lightning Network have made Bitcoin more scalable and private. But all of these changes occurred without altering the fundamental rules of the base layer.
This is how evolution works in nature: conservatively. Most mutations fail. Only a few get incorporated. Organisms that change too quickly collapse. Organisms that don’t change at all go extinct. Life is a balance between stability and plasticity.
Bitcoin walks that line.
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🛡️ Bitcoin Defends Itself
Bitcoin isn’t protected by firewalls or governments. It’s protected by incentives. If you try to attack the network, you end up spending energy—burning money—for no reward. If you try to fake a history, you’ll get rejected by every honest node. If you try to cheat the rules, your blocks are orphaned.
In short: cheating doesn’t pay. Playing fair does.
This is what evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins meant by “the selfish gene.” Genes that survive are the ones that build bodies and behaviors that help them replicate. Bitcoin, similarly, is structured to defend itself, not out of intent—but through structure.
It behaves selfishly, in the Dawkinsian sense: it’s good at surviving.
And it’s getting better.
