I'm not arbitrarily selecting anything, I'm just taking an example that can be simply understood as a thought experiment.
- "Couldn't there be too many goods to ever be bought with all the money in one go? Yes. Money circulates, the same $1 bill has bought maybe $600 worth of goods."
I disagree. Because, transactions have to be settled.
Bitcoin on base layer guarantee finite settlement after 3 to 6 confirmations.
Assuming your $1 bill bought $600 worth of goods at $1 each, it didn't do it in one go, but it took 600 different transaction over several months or years.
But through fiat, your $1 bill could be rehypothecated 600 times and produce $600 of buying power at once. That's one of the things Bitcoin is trying to fix.
- "There is no invisible hand pushing 'the value' of a money to match the price of buying precisely all of the goods in an economy precisely once."
Indeed, but if you can divide your money infinitely (using multiple layers of bitcoin), then you have a money that can actually match precisely what you want to buy (or sell), however small or huge your transaction has to be.
It's also true that nothing prevents someone to ask, say for a marvelous piece of art: "21 millions Bitcoin + The sole ownership of the state of Texas"... however that's not a money problem but rather a tell sign about the actual willingness (or craziness) of the seller.
- "You and I value everything very differently."
We all do, and we're all speculators here, as are all human beings.
That's why I'm not trying to convince you to give up your salad, nor anything else for one BTC.
I'll argue that you'll find no one on earth who sell you his BTC for your salad, or even for less than roughly it's market price (maybe 20/40% less at worst, if coins are coming from "criminal UTXOs", but still very far from a salad.)
You couldn't buy a BTC from me at current market price, and I couldn't sell you a BTC at current market price:
That's what make a market, and in the end, Bitcoin will either be worth infinitely more than today, or zero.