Example:

2020 I took 20k loss. I can offset 3k against income

2021 I took 10k cap gain. I can offset 3k against income, and then I can “consume” 10k of my cap losses (out of 20k) to offset the 10k gain

Simple

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Discussion

Where did I lose money?

Worth noting, using HIFO I’m always at a “loss” on paper

You are missing the point here. Your capital losses are capped at $3k per year against your income. Your capital gains are infinity. Waiting for “next year” to maybe get a chance at offsetting losses you took in the current year is preposterous.