I would say the core problem bitcoin had solve is how to establish digital scarcity.
Something cannot be scare if it is represented directly as information because everything can be copied => you need a ledger.
Something cannot be scarce if a person controls the ledger => it needs to be decentralized
Something cannot be decentralized if you have to trust someone. But there is no absolute time => you need to create your own arrow of time.
Information cannot speak authoritatively about reality. There is no direct link between the two => you need to have proof of work.
That’s why bitcoin is different from a whiskey, a piece of art or anything else which is physical and scarce. Bitcoin is pure information.