Kernel
I have always been fascinated by the architecture of operating systems and within these in particular microkernels.
While there are few operating systems that operate an authentic microkernel architecture and even fewer in production, the only success story is QNX, which is also a real-time operating system.
For those who don't know it, QNX is used in the automotive world, trains, airplanes, robots and also in medical devices.
On the other hand, we have HURD, the most ambitious project ever created of an operating system with microkernel architecture, although the complexity is not the microkernel itself, as it should be kept very simple, but everything that runs on the microkernel. It is as ambitious or more than Star Citizen, so after more than 30 years of development I don't know if it will ever see the light of day.
The advantages of a well implemented microkernel are in QNX itself, very robust, secure and error handling systems, if I had to go to the moon my instruments would use QNX not Windows or Linux.
