Eventually my node got the transaction anyway, because it was mined.
2023-08-18T09:36:23.506105Z Saw new header hash=00000000000000000002aa586c441bb575a4d9d51c94fa8182f0c44758479fc9 height=803739
2023-08-18T09:36:23.506194Z [net] Requesting block 00000000000000000002aa586c441bb575a4d9d51c94fa8182f0c44758479fc9 from peer=69
2023-08-18T09:36:28.294225Z [net] received block 00000000000000000002aa586c441bb575a4d9d51c94fa8182f0c44758479fc9 peer=69
2023-08-18T09:36:29.247778Z UpdateTip: new best=00000000000000000002aa586c441bb575a4d9d51c94fa8182f0c44758479fc9 height=803739 version=0x2e648000 log2_work=94.366442 tx=880923786 date='2023-08-18T09:36:12Z' progress=1.000000 cache=112.3MiB(840196txo)
(sadly not received as a compact block)