You know.. I've been talking about this topic with several people, and I've came to notice that the most effective countraceptive is hoplessness about the future.
Even talking from the POV of a severely economically impaired country, is not that people are strugling to survive or uncertain about the future and thus not willing to bring more people in it.
Is the certainty that "today you are better than tomorrow" what is discouraging people to bring babies to the world. π€π