There are two failure modes for the cosigner:

- it stops signing. Then your primary spending path is frozen, but if you're in a liana-like setup, that's no big deal.

- it signs things it shouldn't sign. Then you basically fall back to the security model you'd have without the cosigner - for example a single-sig with you hardware wallet.

Unlike on-chain usage of moon math like ZKPs (roll ups, bridges, etc.), where failure is catastrophic, here you'd just fallback to a weaker security model.

Also, I think the fact that all the complexity can be handled in the software wallets (without needing any new features from hardware signers) makes it a lot more likely to happen. It's not easy to build, but once built, it's basically a library that can be used as a black box by software wallets. Bullish!

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Discussion

Liana like setups are really cool, but they can be hard to grok for normies.

If cosigner stops signing, doesn't a frost based setup look better then?

I'm not sure. I think the fact that the recovery paths can be a completely different set of keys (and spending conditions) is very useful in practice, and you can't do it with FROST.

Also, I don't think moving to MuSig2/FROST for deep cold storage is that compelling, as the added interactivity (multiple rounds) is likely a dealbreaker.

Normies will be fine with 1 cold key + 1 (invisible) cosigner, plus recovery paths to protect from loss. The cherry on top would be OP_VAULT- (or OP_CHECKCONTRACTVERIFY-)based recovery paths, as that would almost entirely remove the learning curve about 'recovery paths' and refreshing timelocks, which is what confuses normies using liana.

But maybe we figure how to get a good enough approximation with cosigners...