i would compare this to the latency of effects in physical systems, complex systems are especially good for demonstrating this, and so, yes, actually, these laws of physics even have such late consequences for actions
and frankly, if a person does not consider the possibility that their actions may have a long term effect, they are not competent human beings, they are acting as children
Actions of course have long term consequences. Consequences which can't be predicted or forseen. For example: A single conversation in the hallway of your university can completely change the course of your life.
The fall of the sparrow.
"can't"
no, actually, if you had the full snapshot of the state of the system and you understood the laws that govern its actions, you could
this is a fundamental premise of computer science
