"Companies around the world are rushing to come up with clever fixes to these problems, from more efficient and specialised chips to more specialised and smaller models that need less power. Others are dreaming up ways of tapping new high-quality data sources such as textbooks, or generating synthetic data, for use in training. Whether this will lead to incremental improvements in the technology, or make the next big leap forward affordable and feasible, is still unclear. Investors have poured money into superstar firms like OpenAI. But in practice there is not much difference in performance and capabilities between the flagship models offered by OpenAI, Anthropic and Google. And other firms including Meta, Mistral and xAI are close behind.
It seems that much adoption of AI is in secret, as workers use it without telling their bosses
For end users of AI, a different kind of struggle is under way, as individuals and companies try to work out how best to use the technology. This takes time: investments need to be made, processes rethought and workers retrained. Already some industries are further ahead in adopting AI than others: a fifth of information-technology firms, for instance, say they are using it.
As the technology becomes more sophisticated—such as with the arrival in 2025 of “agentic” systems, capable of planning and executing more complex tasks—adoption may accelerate.
But culture also matters. Although few firms tell statisticians they are using AI, one-third of employees in America say they are using it for work once a week."
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