you write in lightning technicalities which i do not understand because

i have never tried to understand it after i opened an umbrel channel. i gave up on lightning.

last year i installed umbrel and umbrel lost my funds forever.

total shitcoin. i never lost anything on crypto.

for you, who owns many channels, the situation is certainly different than for the normal user who wants to send money anywhere privately.

the user needs to use a lightning wallet and exchange btc to lightning. the wallet provider needs to make money. it cannot subsidize users forever. the wallet has to generate fees in order to survive and in order to pay developers. hampus who is the developer of the blixt wallet, says on twitter ,that lightning does not work in a high fee environment. people report 0.60 eur fees on a coffee on lightning.

if i want to send money to other countries or pay higher amounts(which lightning cannot do) i will use the cake wallet which is self custody and private. i can send monero, even litecoin with superlow fees. in the cake wallet change it to any other coin, btc if you want, also with very low fees 0.2% which does not need to be done all the time but it is worth for 100% privacy.

i do not know anything about cashu. if ark can keep what it promises and it can be used like a cake wallet, i will also use ark.