To be absolutely clear: I am NOT advocating for an increase in block size. I agree that that would be bad.

Releasing the OP_RETURN size limit does not increase block size. It doesn’t even change what’s valid on chain. It just means that the OP_RETURN portion of a transaction can be larger, and still transmitted by nodes before confirmation.

A person wanting to use OP_RETURNs to store data can already store as much as they want (within the block size limit of course). The consensus rules don’t place a limit on this (to my knowledge). So you could already, today, make an enormous OP_RETURN and mine it yourself, or pay a miner out-of-band (like slipstream).

The hullabaloo over the OP_RETURN limit is about node *policy*, not consensus. It is the current policy of Bitcoin core nodes not to retransmit certain valid transactions. For example, zero-fee transactions are automatically discarded as spam.

In this vein, transactions with OP_RETURNs larger than 80 bytes are dropped by Bitcoin core nodes, even though they’re legit transactions on the consensus level. The change being discussed is removing that *policy* limit.

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Not increasing block size, but does increase blockchain needed to download during the sync of a node ?

Still a not wanted negative I think.

No, the block size limit is the same no matter the purpose of the bytes. Bigger OP_RETURN has no effect on data *transmission*, but it does improve data *storage* since nodes can safely drop them.