BitVMs mechanism can be substituted with Garbled Circuits.
Garbler (prover) encodes a proof on-chain.
Evaluator (verifier) derives a secret through a GC.
If the proof is invalid, the secret is used to slash the Grarbler.
Drawback: need to generate a Garbled Circuit, which can is very large. The cost can quickly explode.
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New approach: Glock25.
A new kind of SNARK has been created, which is the smallest one knowledge as of today.
This bring a huge reduction in the amount of gates needed for the GC.
There is still a lot of room for improvements, like alternative garbling schemes.