• The 551 CE earthquake, which devastated the city and marked its first major recorded destruction.

• The 1975-1990 Lebanese Civil War period, which severely damaged the city, particularly the downtown area and divided it into East and West Beirut.

• The 1982 Israeli invasion and bombardment, which largely destroyed West Beirut.

• The 2006 Israeli war on Lebanon, which largely destroyed southern Beirut.

• The 2020 port explosion, which caused significant damage to the whole city.