I was talking about the US and also talking about skilled and high paid workers for which the H1B targets.

Most of these hires are devs getting paid 100s of thousands, very far away from the minimum wage.

They create immense value for the tech companies they work for probably on the order of millions per employee, for which the tech companies will try to share as little as possible with the worker.

Across all employees tech giants generate $1-2m in revenue per employee but a large number of those employees will be lower wage lower impact employees, so the high impact devs will be generating much more than the overall average in terms of revenue per high impact devs.

While very opaque to outside observers (and even the employees), the tech firms have all the data to calculate with reasonable accuracy the revenue impact per employee. Unless that employee is very aware of their value to the company, it will be challenging for them to argue for more salary or make viable and effective threats to leave if they don't raise their salary.

Very often absolute highest impact employees for tech giants will be getting screwed the most as a percentage, in spite of getting paid huge salaries in the millions.