i think that mainly means zinc oxide based preparations, but they are basically white, and mostly are used on the face especially nose and cheeks.

those are literally just zinc oxide powders mixed with some light oil, probably often mineral oil, which is another story, but you could make your own with tallow, lard or olive oil, by adding zinc oxide powder to it.

idk about titanium oxides though. they are more photoreactive, and there could be substantially more risk of oxygen radical formation. but zinc oxide and titanium oxide are both white powders and both are known UV photo catalysts, used in air purification systems.

anyway, i would never wear one of these mixtures in any case. if i'm out in harsh sun for 3 hours it's time to get under cover.

it's notable to point out that burned noses and cheeks are more of a problem for white people. because their face shapes are literally optimized to absorb more UV.