I feel like a large amount of GDP is locked up because it is difficult for person A to very conveniently pay 5 cents to person B. Current high fixed costs per transaction force each of them to be of high enough amounts, which results in business models with purchase bundles, subscriptions, ad-based, etc., instead of simply pay-as-you-go. As an example, I'd like my computer to auto-pay 5 cents to the article/blog that I just read but I can't, and I think we're worse for it.

In a capitalist system, transactions between entities are the gradient signal of the economy. Because our pipes don't support low magnitude terms in the sums, the gradients are not flowing properly through the system. I'm not familiar enough with payments to have an idea of specific solutions, but I expect we'd see a lot of positive 2nd / 3rd order effects if the gradients were allowed to flow properly, frictionlessly and with much higher resolution.

Source: x.com/karpathy/status/1828530326613958965