The all-or-nothing logical fallacy, also known as the false dichotomy or black-and-white fallacy, occurs when a situation is presented as having only two mutually exclusive options, ignoring any middle ground or alternative possibilities. It oversimplifies complex issues by framing them as an either/or choice, often to manipulate or persuade.

For example:

• “You’re either with us or against us.” This statement ignores the possibility of neutrality or partial agreement.

• “If you don’t support this policy, you must hate progress.” This overlooks nuanced positions or alternative solutions.

This fallacy is problematic because it limits critical thinking and dismisses valid alternatives, leading to flawed reasoning or polarized conclusions. Recognizing it involves identifying when someone presents a situation as having only two extremes without justifying why no other options exist.