To learn more about the moral foundations of progressives and conservatives, I recommend Jonathan Haidtβs book The Righteous Mind. It discusses six moral foundations that people express in different amounts:
- Care/Harm
- Fairness/Cheating
- Authority/Subversion
- Sanctity/Degradation
- Loyalty/Betrayal
- Liberty/Oppression
Progressive (βLiberalβ in the U.S.) morality is dominated by Care/Harm, with a little Fairness/Cheating. Conservative morality is a blend of all.
Of note, Libertarian morality is almost entirely Liberty/Oppression. Haidt explored this in later works, after the initial 5.
None of the above is provably right or wrong. The foundations are like tastebuds and different people have different preferences.
Haidt has also done a number of talks on this subject, which are great introductions. Available on YouTube.
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