This is an aspect as well:

- Lack of competition among payment-service-providers

"The lack of competition is particularly pronounced for card payments, which now account for the majority of retail payment transactions in terms of value. According to the most recent data, international card schemes account for close to two-thirds (64%) of all electronically initiated transactions made with cards issued in the euro area and 13 out of the 20 euro area countries rely on them entirely due to the absence of a national card scheme. The share of international card schemes is likely to grow further, as even the largest domestic card schemes are losing market share."