yeah, lamport clocks are the first type of causality clock for distributed systems, a newer one with a lot less examples of it being applied are Interval Tree Clocks, which enable you to establish a full DAG of event sequence in a similar way as Lamport Clocks.

i recommend just searching for more info on the subject. it's a very interesting one. one of the vulnerabilities of Bitcoin, which is only mitigated by the long, 10 minute block time, relates to time and synchrony. a distributed system that achieves the same thing while instead using LC or ITC methods instead of timestamps would be capable of a much higher throughput, if it can also be achieved with the same level of decentralization