Survival Defense
Most countries allow citizens to own some sort of fire arm with huge restrictions. I am fortunate to have a very permissive state.
The best gun for defense is the one you have with you.
That said:
Pistols that are enough gun
.389acp
.38 Special
9x19mm
.45acp
Bigger if you have them
Smaller if that is what you have
I like the .22 LR myself. But I have extensive traing on weapons with 40 years behind the badge. A hit with a .22 is better than a miss with a .45 you left in the vehicle because it was uncomfortable to carry EDC.
Shotguns
Pretty much all of them.
Load with buckshot or slug
10 gage, load with whatever you want.
Rifles
All are really lethal weapons in center fire.
Remember your neighbors and the material of the walls. You are responsible for every bullet and where they strike.