nondeterministic wallets each change address is randomly generated out of nothing, HD means they are derived from a seed in a way that can be easily recovered if you have the seed

nondeterministic wallets you MUST back up the file, and every new address on it is missing from earlier backups compared to new ones

these are UTXOs private keys

i'm pretty sure i have got them on the disks i just wiped the partitioning information, repartitioned, so that part of the disk is mangled but it's at the front of the disk, the rest should be pretty much intact

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Okay, sounds familiar. I'm reading stuff now, but what I'm trying to find is - is it only the wallet that's HD or is there a difference in initial key generation that allows HD derivations

There is a seed for HD but nondeterministic keychains use a cryptographically secure pseudorandom generator, on Linux it's /dev/random these random numbers are very secure but they come from nowhere and have no relation to each other

HD keys take a secret, concatenate a specific, usually number based string to the end of it, and then hash the joined string of bytes, and that is a new key. The schemes can also I think actually work from a seed that is made from the seed so if one derived secret is leaked the others are not revealed

These kind of keychains can back up a wallet containing hundreds of keys with just 12 or 24 word ciphers.

bitcoin core USED to do nondeterministic