Bitcoin caps at 21 million because Satoshi said 'fuck inflation' and coded rewards that halve every 4 years until they hit zero.
Add up all those shrinking rewards and you get 21 million total.
Why exactly 21 million? Nobody knows - Satoshi never explained and then vanished.
But now it's locked in by math, not politicians who promise to stop printing money.
How is it locked in is the question
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Math was never my subject in school
Say: "It's in the code. Read the white paper.... now scratch my back with yiur nails. "