I had an (admittedly incomplete) thought to build low-income housing attached to a defunct mall. They would have jobs at the mall and they would have shops and services close by so they wouldn’t necessarily need transportation every day. The mall could offer services like physical and mental health clinics. It could be its own little circular economy to a point. The risks would be it turning into a “company town”, and making it attractive enough to non-low-income folks to come and spend money there.