The Parallel Polis.

The society which grows separate from, and parallel to, the corrupted authoritarian establishment.

Conceptually concieved by Vaclav Benda, Catholic, dissident, activist, intellectual, and mathematician.

Refused to join the Communist Party in the early 1970s, having refused to leave Czechoslovakia before the 1968 Soviet invasion. He finished his doctorate in theoretical cybernetics in 1975.

In 1977, Vaclav Benda wrote "Paralelni Polis" as a samizdat essay (underground publication replicated by individuals by hand), describing a society which:

- constantly monitored and defended rights and freedoms.

- actively created an alternative underground popular culture without the permission of the State.

- provided alternative education in science and acedemics outside of the State

- maintained a parallel information system outside of State control.

- created and engaged in an alternative parallel economy outside of State control, called the Economy of Dissent.

- create parallel political structures to replace the authoritarian regime

- engage in parallel foriegn policy, creating international relationships outside of State control.

Its worth digging into.

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