No, an AI does not pose a threat to Bitcoin, especially these large language models that people are generally referring to when they say “AI”. It’s just a pattern matching machine with very limited reasoning ability.

But let’s say there was a super smart AI. Something that could reason like humans, but also had the data processing capacity of a machine. Well what could this AI do in terms of interacting with Bitcoin? It has to interact according to the rules of the protocol, along with everyone else. Being really smart doesn’t give you any advantage in Bitcoin.

Quantum computing, as far as I understand, does not pose a threat to Bitcoin’s cryptography. The size of the sha256 space is enormous, and so is protected by physical limits. If you’re pulling atoms out of the hat of the universe looking for a specific atom, being a quantum machine doesn’t do much for you (disclaimer: not a physicist nor cryptographer)