Everyone has a different approach to bitcoin, that is what I love about it.
Some people get divided, sure. But I don't "hate" or despise someone only because he has a differing opinion on a topic (which in some aspects is above my pay grade).
2) No I don't know any specific algorithms I just know there are some out there that are supposed to be quantum resistant. Will read up on that at some point
5) I would say Bitcoin makes war less affordable not unaffordable but I still get where you are coming from. I see it not as a normative question as in which alternative might be the better. Rather in the sense of what is the most likely outcome.
Similar would be to ask if cell phone use is good or bad for the individual. Yes, it has differing negative and positive effects on the individual. The negatives might even overweigh but this question didn't stop people from adopting cell phones thus changing the world through it.