F1?
Discussion
F1 is the generic turm for the first generation of a hybrid mix
in some cases this is a sterile individual, i forget which kind of horse, mule?
Yeah, mule, although very rarely they're not sterile. But then the second generation is sterile, like its a rule or something
idk if they are sterile but the general rule with hybrid offspring is they are highly variable
like, i saw this in a family of a friend... only the first child had black skin like dad but all the rest were pale
Its also possible the mother was... less than ideally trustworthy...
no, the pale children were all otherwise typical austro-indoneesian skull shapes and everything, no, they had the same father
though you have a point, it could have been another austro-indonesian father, but they were all very similar personality and looks, just one was dark, the others were all pale
Nvmd, wikipedia rescued me. I wonder if a half "Chinese" person is f1 or f3 or 4 - they're already super mixed there. Japan might be a better case for f1, though not sure to what purpose
no, if the hamming distance between two individuals genomes is short its' not a hybrid, hybrids are literally just highly separated, but capable of breeding genomes mixing
like, most of the whole rainbow of species of grass seeds are this, wheat, barley, rye, etc... they came from humans finding close enough related grasses that were able to have pollen and flowers mix and voila
hybrid is kinda like that margin of breeding ability between two genomes that are close to speciating
So it probably doesn't apply to humans. Europeans and east Asians are both mixed with Neanderthals and Neanderthals were a different species. So the difference between modern humans is less
there is a range of difference that still alows breeding, and in this range, you can have hybrids, where the genome is mostly different
neanderthal was just one of the several subspecies of humans that could breed... look up iberomarussian
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iberomaurusian
it's heavy going but if you read this you'll understand that the genetics of north africans were quite distant from most of the similar timed bones found elsewhere on the planet, and actually they are the origin of white skin, and the culture of the iberomarussians were associated with the domestication of cattle
btw, hamming distance is a metric of distance between numbers, and the bigger the numbers get the more complex your scheme of defining the number system, the more difficult it is to evaluate such a thing as a "hamming distance"
Hamming was an early scientist in the field of coding systems and his theories led to merkle trees and galois fields among others, essentially number systems that are based on something other than simple addition and subtraction