The Early Church was not a State, properly defined as a territorial monopoly on the use of force. I'll try to be as succinct as I can in my explanation here but it's going to be long regardless.
6 But when they said, “Give us a king to lead us,” this displeased Samuel; so he prayed to the Lord. 7 And the Lord told him: “Listen to all that the people are saying to you; it is not you they have rejected, but they have rejected me as their king. 8 As they have done from the day I brought them up out of Egypt until this day, forsaking me and serving other gods, so they are doing to you. 9 Now listen to them; but warn them solemnly and let them know what the king who will reign over them will claim as his rights.”
10 Samuel told all the words of the Lord to the people who were asking him for a king. 11 He said, “This is what the king who will reign over you will claim as his rights: He will take your sons and make them serve with his chariots and horses, and they will run in front of his chariots. 12 Some he will assign to be commanders of thousands and commanders of fifties, and others to plow his ground and reap his harvest, and still others to make weapons of war and equipment for his chariots. 13 He will take your daughters to be perfumers and cooks and bakers. 14 He will take the best of your fields and vineyards and olive groves and give them to his attendants. 15 He will take a tenth of your grain and of your vintage and give it to his officials and attendants. 16 Your male and female servants and the best of your cattle[a] and donkeys he will take for his own use. 17 He will take a tenth of your flocks, and you yourselves will become his slaves. 18 When that day comes, you will cry out for relief from the king you have chosen, but the Lord will not answer you in that day.”
- 1 Samuel 8:6-18
The State, again properly defined as the organization which claims a territorial monopoly on the use of force, is condemned repeatedly throughout the Bible but nowhere as succinctly as here. God literally tells Samuel that by asking for a king, the Jewish elders are not rejecting Samuel, but God Himself.
12 The next day the great crowd that had come for the festival heard that Jesus was on his way to Jerusalem. 13 They took palm branches and went out to meet him, shouting,
“Hosanna!”
“Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord!”
“Blessed is the king of Israel!”
14 Jesus found a young donkey and sat on it, as it is written:
15 “Do not be afraid, Daughter Zion;
see, your king is coming,
seated on a donkey’s colt.”
Jesus' return to Jerusalem on Palm Sunday signifies, among other things, God taking back His rightful place once more as king of His people, ending the failed experiment (that God nonetheless used for His glory) of human kings ruling over Gods people that began all the way back in 1 Samuel 8. Modern Christians would do well to reflect upon this when considering which master they will choose to serve.
8 Again, the devil took him to a very high mountain and showed him all the kingdoms of the world and their splendor. 9 “All this I will give you,” he said, “if you will bow down and worship me.”
10 Jesus said to him, “Away from me, Satan! For it is written: ‘Worship the Lord your God, and serve him only.’”
- Matthew 4:8-10
Control over the State is one of the three temptations used by the Adversary to tempt Jesus in the wilderness. Jesus' response makes it clear that we should reject the temptation of control over the kingdoms of this world, as to seek the power over others which the State wields would be to reject God and serve another master.
That's the best primer on the topic I've got in me, but if you really want to do a deep dive I really recommend this book ( https://libertarianchristians.com/store/faith-seeking-freedom ). It's not too long of a read, but covers all aspects of this topic in far better detail and with far more scriptural references than I'm able to do.
