"Spoofy" orders (large orders placed by entities to create a false impression of market demand or supply) can influence the market & create artificial price movements.

Basic supply & demand model:

Price = f(Demand, Supply)

Manipulators (whales) might create an inflated demand 'Demand∗' by placing large buy orders that give the impression of high demand.

Price = f(Demand∗,Supply)

A derivative of this situation might look at the rate of change of price with respect to changes in demand..