Ever wonder why there will only ever be 2,099,999,997,690,000 sats and not 2,100,000,000,000,000 sats? It's because of the way the halving is executed, using a bitwise shift, and because there aren't sub-sat denominations on-chain.

Looking at how this affects the block rewards, we see there are 11 halvings where the block reward is rounded down to the nearest sat, meaning there are 210,000 * 11 = 2,310,000 sats that will never be mined as a result.

2,100,000,000,000,000

- 2,310,000

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2,099,999,997,690,000