It's the main use case among professional and semi-professional photographers.
A Canon 1Dx, for example, is one of only a few DSLRs that can provide you with the closest to medium format results.
The trick is not to compare the "quality" of photos but how clear/present the details are. And for that to happen, you need to blow up your photos to BIG dimensions.
In order to get better details, no bigger factor is involved than light. Mobile phones have such tiny lenses that there is not enough light to pass through them.
It's more of a physics problem than a tech problem.
