A good implementation and documentation for passphrases is Coldcard.

https://coldcard.com/docs/passphrase/

Using passphrases makes it possible to generate approximately 5.9 × 10197 different wallets based on your original seed words.

Passphrases must be:

- No longer than 100 characters.

- ASCII characters only (no accented letters)

- Upper case letters

- Lower case letters

- Numbers

- Symbols

How did you derived 5.9 × 10197 ?

ASCII has 128 symbols.

With 100 allowed that would give 128^100 combinations and that is without all combination using less than all 100 characters.

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Discussion

It’s an excerpt from the Coldcard article I linked to. They didn’t explain how.

I imagine it is the number of combinations 100 ASCII characters can produce, but that’s just a guess.

Aha:

5.9 × 10^197 is already a number I can better agree to.

Plain cooy/paste gives 5.9 × 10197 😁

Let’s ask nostr:npub19canpmsgykwumm43uxmp0l5sernavvnrf87mau9a6xnjfx6ajjhsh9qj29