ChatGPT doesn't think this is true though.
"Lightning is purely about payments — off-chain channels using Bitcoin scripts, nothing more.
Citrea is a zk-rollup with its own execution environment. It can do payments, but its design is much broader: it enables smart contracts, dApps, NFTs, DeFi — basically Ethereum-like functionality anchored to Bitcoin. That’s way beyond Lightning.
ARK is a proposal for off-chain transaction pools using service providers — also payment-focused, but with different tradeoffs than Lightning (custodial-ish but scalable).
BitVM is an experimental framework for general-purpose computation verified on Bitcoin. Again, you can build monetary protocols on top, but its scope is computations, not just payments.
So lumping them all together as “monetary protocols like Lightning” oversimplifies things.
Lightning = yes, strictly monetary.
ARK = also monetary (alternative to Lightning).
BitVM and Citrea = general-purpose computation layers, not limited to payments.
And importantly — none of these are “jpegs” like Ordinals. That’s true. But to be precise, Citrea and BitVM are much closer to Ethereum-style smart contract layers than to Lightning’s payment channels."