I think generally the differences lie in how packages are maintained and updated. Debian based (including Ubuntu, Mint) don't update as frequently and are typically thought of as more stable. Arch based (Arco, Artix, Endeavor) are rolling distributions, meaning their packages/kernel are updated constantly and are generally on the bleeding edge. Arch is also great because users upload their own package builds to the AUR, which means a lot of unofficially supported software is easier to install.