“Much of what goes by the name of pleasure is simply an effort to destroy consciousness. If one started by asking, What is man? What are his needs? How can he best express himself? one would discover that merely having the power to avoid work and live one's life from birth to death in electric light and to the tune of tinned music is not a reason for doing so. Man needs warmth, society, leisure, comfort and security: he also needs solitude, creative work and the sense of wonder. If he recognised this he could use the products of science and industrialism eclectically, applying always the same test: does this make me more human or less human? He would then learn that the highest happiness does not lie in relaxing, resting, playing poker, drinking and making love simultaneously. And the instinctive horror which all sensitive people feel at the progressive mechanisation of life would be seen not to be a mere sentimental archaism, but to be fully justified. For man only stays human by preserving large patches of simplicity in his life, while the tendency of many modern inventions - in paticular the film, the radio and the aeroplane - is to weaken his consciousness, dull his curiosity, and, in general, drive him nearer to the animals.”

— George Orwell, Essays (Everyman’s Library) p. 989

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Discussion

Somewhat related to what Orwell describes here, I think Tolkien gives an interesting angle of approach on the subject of corruption.

Corruption as a loss of sovereignty. There is a deep form of corruption that occurs when we allow others to take control over us, when we outsource our mind, our agency and our life to a third party.

This becomes visible from the portrayal of Smeagol/Gollum. As he wore the ring, he was slowly corrupted and as he was corrupted he became an easier target for the controller of the ring.

An analogy here is that Smeagol's internal firewall was broken down, allowing outside interference to gain control over his mind.

The loss of sovereignty and free agency is a profound form of corruption. It is a corruption of our humanity, a corruption of our reasoning ability, our independence and our values. All of which are necessary to uphold our values and stay aligned to them.