Scaling & Anonymizing Bitcoin at Layer 1 with Client-side Validation

- "In the paper, we propose a way to upgrade Bitcoin layer 1 (blockchain/timechain) without a required softfork."

- "The upgrade leverages properties of client-side validation, can be gradual, has a permissionless deployment option (i.e. not requiring majority support or miner cooperation) and will have the scalability of the order O(log⁡N) (no zk-proofs) or O(1) (with zk proofs), where N is a global number of transactions."

- "It also offers higher privacy (absence of publicly available ledger, transaction graphs, addresses, keys, signatures) and bounded Turing-complete programmability with a rich state provided by RGB or another client-side-validated smart contract system."