middle kingdom in mandarin is that chong gwor word.

pinyin is the system of accents on latin vowel characters to represent the 5 different modulations used in chinese for each vowel.

chinese language is like a compressed code. some other languages use a bit of these 25 vowel sounds but chinese uses all of them. this is also why you often hear a similar sound between chinese, turkish and hungarian, three that for me i hear a lot of similar vowels. the umlaut in german words is also related, with a modulation between vowels and usually the eh sound. the bulgarians also have one, which they call 'er maluk' which is a short vowel that sorta sounds like 'uh' or 'eh'.