its an ongoing thing of course

i have the advantage of being an long time tech guy.

basically

in contrast to Bitcoin where you have a single sender that's obvious on-chain,

in monero the true spender is hidden among 15 other decoys.

that "ring" of addresses sign the transaction and its impossible to tell which of those 16 is the real spend.

originally developed for Bitcoin btw,

but never implemented, like lots of monero tech.

theres more nuance (like ways CA can maybe eliminate some of the decoys etc) but thats the basic idea.