Prehistoric Art (~40,000 — 4,000 B.C.)

Cave paintings, rock carvings, and stone arrangements depicting cultural events and the environment

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Ancient Art (30,000 B.C. — A.D. 400)

Art from ancient civilizations like Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece and Rome, often depicting religious themes and the human form

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Medieval Art (A.D. 400 — 1400)

Religious and mythological art created mostly for churches, including paintings, mosaics, architecture, tapestries and illuminated manuscripts

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Renaissance Art (1300s — 1600s)

Focused on naturalism, humanism and classical subjects, with an emphasis on perspective and anatomy. Famous works include The School of Athens by Raphael

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Baroque Art (1600s — 1700s)

Dramatic, emotional and ornate style, exemplified by artists like Caravaggio, Bernini and Rembrandt

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Neoclassicism (1700s — 1800s)

Reaction against the ornate Baroque, focused on simplicity, order and classical subjects. Key artists include Jacques-Louis David

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Romanticism (1800s)

Emphasized emotion, imagination, individuality and the natural world. Notable Romantic artists include J.M.W. Turner, John Constable and Francisco Goya

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Realism (1800s)

Depicted everyday life and contemporary events in an objective, unidealized manner. Gustave Courbet was a leading Realist painter

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Impressionism (1860s — 1880s)

Focused on capturing the visual perception of a scene through loose brushwork and pure color. Key Impressionists include Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir and Camille Pissarro

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Post-Impressionism (1880s — 1900s)

Expanded on Impressionism while moving in more individual directions. Notable Post-Impressionists were Paul Cézanne, Georges Seurat, Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin

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Fauvism (1900s)

Characterized by bold colors and loose, spontaneous brushwork. Henri Matisse and André Derain were Fauvism pioneers

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Cubism (1900s — 1910s)

Broke subjects down into geometric forms and depicted them from multiple viewpoints. Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque co-founded Cubism

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Expressionism (1900s — 1920s)

Distorted reality to convey emotion. Edvard Munch, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner and Egon Schiele were Expressionist painters

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Futurism (1900s — 1910s)

Celebrated the modern world of machines and speed. Giacomo Balla and Umberto Boccioni were Futurist artists

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Dada (1910s — 1920s)

Rejected logic and traditional art in reaction to the horrors of World War I. Marcel Duchamp and Hannah Höch were influential Dadaists

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Surrealism (1920s — 1940s)

Depicted the subconscious mind through strange, dreamlike imagery. Salvador Dalí, René Magritte and Joan Miró were key Surrealist painters

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Abstract Expressionism** (1940s — 1950s)

Pioneered large-scale abstract paintings expressing raw emotion. Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning were Abstract Expressionists

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Pop Art (1950s — 1960s)

Celebrated popular culture and consumerism. Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein were famous Pop Artists

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Conceptual Art (1960s — 1970s)

Emphasized ideas over visual form. Marcel Duchamp and Sol LeWitt were influential Conceptual artists

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Contemporary Art (1970s — present)

Encompasses a wide range of styles and media, from street art to digital art. Contemporary artists include Banksy, Damien Hirst, Tracey Emin and Jeff Koons

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